The FLOW-MATIC compiler became publicly available in early 1958 and was substantially complete in 1959. Hopper found that business data processing customers were uncomfortable with mathematical notation, and in early 1955, she and her team wrote a specification for an English programming language and implemented a prototype.
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It was developed for the UNIVAC I at Remington Rand during the period from 1955 until 1959. Īnother early programming language was devised by Grace Hopper in the US, called FLOW-MATIC. It is still a popular language for high-performance computing and is used for programs that benchmark and rank the world's fastest supercomputers. However, in a hardware market that was rapidly evolving the language eventually became known for its efficiency. When FORTRAN was first introduced, it was viewed with skepticism due to bugs, delays in development, and the comparative efficiency of "hand-coded" programs written in assembly. In 1954, FORTRAN was invented at IBM by a team led by John Backus it was the first widely used high-level general purpose programming language to have a functional implementation, as opposed to just a design on paper. A contemporary but separate thread of development, Atlas Autocode was developed for the University of Manchester Atlas 1 machine.
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#History of basic programming language code#
Known as EDSAC 2 Autocode, it was a straight development from Mercury Autocode adapted for local circumstances and was noted for its object code optimization and source-language diagnostics which were advanced for the time. The version for the EDSAC 2 was devised by Douglas Hartree of University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory in 1961. Brooker also developed an autocode for the Ferranti Mercury in the 1950s in conjunction with the University of Manchester. In 1954, a second iteration of the language, known as the "Mark 1 Autocode," was developed for the Mark 1 by R.
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In the early 1950s, Alick Glennie developed Autocode, possibly the first compiled programming language, at the University of Manchester. However, the program had to be translated into machine code every time it ran, making the process much slower than running the equivalent machine code. Unlike machine code, Short Code statements represented mathematical expressions in understandable form. John Mauchly's Short Code, proposed in 1949, was one of the first high-level languages ever developed for an electronic computer.
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The first functioning programming languages designed to communicate instructions to a computer were written in the early 1950s. It was eventually realized that programming in assembly language required a great deal of intellectual effort.Īn early proposal for a high-level programming language was Plankalkül, developed by Konrad Zuse for his Z1 computer between 19 but not implemented at the time. The limited speed and memory capacity forced programmers to write hand-tuned assembly language programs. In the 1920s, the first recognizably modern electrically powered computers were created. Jacquard Looms and Charles Babbage's Difference Engine both had simple languages for describing the actions that these machines should perform hence they were the creators of the first programming language. The first computer codes were specialized for their applications: e.g., Alonzo Church was able to express the lambda calculus in a formulaic way and the Turing machine was an abstraction of the operation of a tape-marking machine.